As a boy, Francesco Cavalli was a member of San Marco Basilica's Chapel, then directed by Claudio Monteverdi, from whom he probably received tuition. In time Cavalli's fame as an operatic composer spread across Europe and he succeeded Monteverdi in San Marco to reach the apex of success in Venice. He also wrote sacred music, published in two great printed collections. The first collection, published in 1656, contains his Missa a 8 voci Concertata, an imposing and magnificent work of exceptional complexity for eight soloists, two four-voiced choirs and many instrumentalists. In this recording it is performed in the context of an All Saints' Day liturgy by Ensemble Locatelli, directed by Cavalli scholar, Bruno Gini.

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A landmark in Baroque opera recordings, newly remastered. This 'royal entertainment in music' was fashioned by Cavalli to a libretto by Giovanni Faustini for performance in Venice in 1644, two years after L'incoronazione di Poppaea saw the light of day. Through the course of Ormindo we follow the adventures of two pairs of lovers as they betray, deceive and flee from each other before the inevitable happy ending. A death scene in prison for the eponymous prince and his sweetheart Erisbe is marked by a grave pathos that sounds down the centuries - at least since Raymond Leppard exhumed the score from total obscurity. Conducting Ormindo at the 1967 Glyndebourne Festival, Leppard spearheaded the modern revival of Cavalli's fortunes. Critics noted the conductor's significant revisions and rearrangements, but they were almost unanimous in their gratitude at hearing and seeing on stage the work of a pioneering opera composer for the first time, and in performances that did full justice to both music and drama. Leppard and Glyndebourne assembled a sumptuous continuo section and cast well-schooled for the time in the ornate language of seventeenth-century Venetian opera. The popular and critical success of Ormindo at Glyndebourne gave rise to a sequel, with Leppard's similarly imaginative realization of Calisto, which has also been reissued by Eloquence (482 9382). L'Ormindo has long been unavailable and the package includes Raymond Leppard's original note and a synopsis.

Directed by Tiziano Mancini.

If you bring together a Spanish youth orchestra, a cast of young Spanish and Italian opera singers and a distinguished editor of Rossini’s music then a recording of Cavalli’s second opera would not be the most obvious outcome. But this live recording from the 2004 Festival Mozart at La Coruña has done just that.

The opera is Gli amori d’Apollo e di Dafne, which was Cavalli’s first collaboration with Busanello, the librettist of Monteverdi’s L’Incoronazione di Poppea. Gli amori was first performed in 1640 at the Teatro S. Cassiano in Venice. The plot is the usual rather free mixture of mix-ups between gods and goddesses. The main thread running through the opera is Apollo’s pursuit of Dafne. But along the way we encounter Titone - immortal but no longer young - and his youthful wife Aurora, who is cheating on him with Cefalo, whose wife Procri is distraught. Venus, in her turn, is upset by Apollo and Jove suggests using Amore to remedy things; this is the main engine for the Apollo/Dafne plot. In amongst these are the comic moments, mainly relating to the old lady, Cirilla, who is played by a high tenor (Jose Ferrero).

The opera’s music only survives in a single manuscript, which seems to be lacking four scenes, two each from the ends of Act 1 and of Act 2. But editor Federico Agostinelli, in his illuminating note, suggests that these final scenes may perhaps have not been set. We have no way of knowing, but the opera works as it stands.

In common with most operas of the period, in the manuscript the vocal lines are notated with just a bass line plus some figuring. Instrumental lines are specified just for the ritornelli, sinfonias and balli. Some commentators suggest that in the commercial theatre of Cavalli’s day, this apparently bare instrumentation reflected the small scale of the performances. That the grandiose instrumental ensembles of such operas as Orfeo reflect the deep pockets of the aristocratic patrons. Agostinelli belongs to the other camp and his edition of the opera includes additional instrumental lines. This is perhaps sensible as it enables the work to be performed in larger theatres by more traditional ensembles.

Zedda has taken this to its logical conclusion and produced a performance perfectly tailored to his essentially non-period forces. It is inevitable that compromises must be reached when performing 17th century opera in the atmosphere of a 19th century opera house, but in recent years great strides have been made in bridging the gap. ENO’s recent performances of Orfeo were notable in this respect.

Zedda defends his decisions in a slightly combative essay entitled The Musical Baroque: Beyond Historicism. But perhaps the best way to judge his editorial decisions and the resulting performance is with our ears.

From the opening sinfonia, the Orquesta Joven de la Sinfonica de Galicia sounds remarkably well upholstered. Also the rich string section plays very definitely with bows on strings, so the resulting sound is rather 19th century. After a number of listenings, I realised what the sound-world of this disc reminded me of – Respighi’s Ancient Airs and Dances. The singers are accompanied by a lively and accomplished continuo group but in the arias and little melodic flowerings, we get attractive instrumental additions.

The result is undoubtedly attractive and the orchestra plays well, provided you don’t mind hearing Cavalli filtered through more recent ears.

The singers all belong to the generation that seems to be relatively comfortable flitting between baroque music and more modern opera. But the careers of Mario Zeffiri (Apollo) and Marianna Pizzolato (Dafne) seem to be very strongly centred on 19th century opera. Their performances here are dramatic and accomplished. They are adept at suitable ornamentation and they make much of Cavalli’s ariosi and declamati, but to my ears it all sounds filtered through 19th century sensibility. This is emphasised by the way that most singers utilise vibrato and their way with phrasing. The openness of their vocal projection and their way of shaping the music seem to owe something to later performance practice.

Perhaps this is inevitable in a performance that has been adjusted to allow it to be performed in an ordinary opera house. I have no problems with this and welcome the way traditional theatres are expanding their repertoire. There is also the added issue here, that the orchestra is a training institution and these performances enabled them to experience the 17th century operatic repertoire. It is just that I am not completely convinced that this is a desirable source of a recording.

For me the most problematical aspect of the entire project is Mario Zeffiri’s voice. He sings with a forward, bright tenor. The part of Apollo lies quite high and the result is at times rather edgy, over-bright and over-projected. It reminded me of some old LPs I have of Nicolai Gedda singing early Italian Baroque arias. You admire the technique but feel that something is amiss.

If this feeling of a 17th century opera filtered through 19th century sensibility does not bother you, then there is much to enjoy here. Act 1 finished with a glorious lament for Procri (Assumpta Mateu) as she bewails her husband’s infidelity. This is the sort of thing that Cavalli does well, the long flexible structures full of melodic flowerings. They are a long way from the more formalised operatic structures of the later 17th and 18th centuries.

But all is not gloom of course. Jose Ferrero copes well with the comic role of Cirilla and Amore (Soledad Cardoso) has a delightful dance-based number in Act 2. The young cast are very hard working, many singing multiple roles, and within the parameters which the performance sets itself, all the singers are successful. Zeffiri and Pizzolato get the most extended dramatic opportunities and they make the most of them, breathing life into the dramatic structures of Cavalli and Busanello.

This is a welcome opportunity to hear one of Cavalli’s earliest operas. As you would expect with Zedda at the helm, the performance has good dramatic pacing, though there are times when things get a little too well upholstered and comfortable. But don’t listen if you dislike the idea of Cavalli filtered through a 19th century sensibility.

-- Robert Hugill, MusicWeb International

Francesco Cavalli was the most successful Venetian opera composer of the mid-seventeenth century. This new production is orchestrated and conducted by the internationally reputed baroque specialist Federico Maria Sardelli. It is directed by the young Frenchwoman Mariame Clement, who is currently making a name for herself with her infectious directing in German and French opera houses. The title role is sung by the promising counter-tenor Christophe Dumaux.

Cavalli: 5 Magnificat and Other Sacred Works

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CAVALLI: Vespero delle cinque Laudate ad uso della cappella

One of the first operas deserving of the name, Didone is our first surviving musical version of the famous episode in Virgil's Aeneid where the Trojan hero loves and then cruelly leaves the noble Dido. Cavalli learnt at the feet of Monteverdi, and his dramatic transformation of the story is all the more expressive for it's intimacy, worthy of the examples set by his master. At the centre of this bold and simple staging - the first opera production by comic actor Clement Hervieu-Leger - is the Queen of Carthage herself, sung with uncompromising intensity by Anna Bonitatibus. William Christie and his singers and players show themselves entirely attuned to the world of Cavalli, where meaning and music fuse.

Francesco Cavalli (1602-76) is a central figure in the history of 17th c. Italian music. He showed his talent as an opera as well as a sacred music composer, though the number of his known, extant sacred works is relatively small for the times in which he lived. His 1675 collection of Vesperi a 8 voci, dedicated to the Doge Niccol� Sagredo, consisting of three different Vespers, is here offered in world premiere recordings by the "La Pifarescha" Instrumental Ensemble, the "Claudio Monteverdi" Choir of Crema, led by Bruno Gini, it's founder and conductor, and organist Alberto Dossena.

Gli amori d'Apollo e di Dafne, premiered at the Teatro Tron di San Cassiano in Venice in 1640, marked the first collaboration between two geniuses, the poet Giovan Francesco Busenello and the composer Francesco Cavalli. The value of this first libretto, magnified by the superb music of Cavalli, lies above all in the beauty and rich poetry of it's literary style. Musically, the work is still, in certain respects, dependent on the Florentine tradition of recitar cantando: until fairly late in the Seicento, recitative remained the most important and prestigious musical and stylistic tool in opera. Nonetheless, closed forms are fairly widespread, and the opera abounds in ensembles. The rhythmic and metrical richness of the text allows Cavalli to give free rein to his creative genius: arias, lamenti, duets, even trios, choruses - the variety of strophic forms is as great as the expressiveness of the recitative... Glossa now reissues a fine recording of this opera, performed by the Argentinian Gabriel Garrido and his Ensemble Elyma, with a splendid vocal cast including Anders Dahlin, Rosa Dom�nguez, Emanuela Galli, Paola Quagliata and Salvo Vitale.

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Classical Music

Working in 17th-century Venice soon after the world's first public opera houses opened there, composer Francesco Cavalli had no tradition to follow. He gave his fertile imagination free rein, tinkering with the brand-new art form to create the lively Venetian style of opera, with it's melodious arias, sprightly dance rhythms, free-wheeling mythological or historical plots and generous dollops of comedy. Like most of Cavalli's operas, I'lpermestra wasn't performed between the late 17th century and recent years. I'lpermestra was written on the occasion of the birth of King Philip IV of Spain's first son in 1658. It was one of the most magnificent operas to have ever been staged. This is the world premiere recording of the opera, made after a live stage performance in Utrecht in 2006.