1874–1951. Austrian composer in the Second Viennese School tradition.

Founder of twelve-tone technique and atonality; central figure of 20th-century modernism. Frequently paired with Webern and other Second Viennese School composers.

Signature works: Pierrot Lunaire, Verklärte Nacht, Chamber Symphony No. 1, Op. 9, Suite for Piano, Op. 25, A Survivor from Warsaw.