1933–2020. Polish composer in the Polish Avant-Garde tradition.

Major 20th-century Polish composer known for avant-garde techniques including tone clusters and aleatoric elements; later moved toward Neo-Romantic idiom. Religious and memorial works are central to his output.

Signature works: Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima, St. Luke Passion, Polish Requiem, Anaklasis, Symphony No. 3.